Types of Amendment

Types of Amendment The constitution can be amended in three ways: . Simple majority of the parliament, . Special majority of the parliament, and . Special majority of the parliament and the ratification of half of the state legislatures. . Simple Majority of Parliament: According to Article a number of provisions in the constitution can be amended by a simple majority of the two houses of parliament. These provisions include ( Admission or establishment of new states, formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries, or names of existing states. Abolition or creation of legislative councils in states. Second schedule - emoluments, allowances, privileges and so on of the President, the Governors, the Speakers, judges, etc. Quorum in parliament. Salaries and allowances of the members of parliament. Rules of procedure in parliament. Privileges of the parliament, its members and its members and its Committees. Use of English language in parliament. Number of judges in the Supreme Court. Conformant more jurisdiction on the Supreme Court. Use of official languages. Citizenship acquisition and termination. Elections to parliament and state legislatures. Delimitation of constituencies. Union territories. Fifth schedule – administration of schedule areas and scheduled tribes Sixth schedule – administration of tribal areas. By Special Majority of Parliament The majority of the provisions in the constitution need to be amended by a special majority of the parliament, that is, a majority (i.e., more than per cent) of the total membership of each house and a majority of two-thirds of the members of each house present and voting. The expression total membership of the house is irrespective of fact whether there are vacancies or absentees. The special majority is required only for voting at the third reading stage of the bill. The constitution’s clauses which can be amended in this way include: (i) fundamental rights (ii) directive principles of state policy: and (iii) all other provisions which are not covered by the first and third categories. Amendments by Special Majority of Parliament and Consent of States The basic structures of the constitution which are related to the federal structure of the polity can be amended by a special majority of the parliament and also with the consent of half of the state legislatures by a simple majority. There is no time limit within which the states should give their consent to the bill. The following provisions can be amended in this way: Election of the President and its manner. Extent of the executive power of the union and the states.  Supreme Court and high courts. Distribution of legislative powers between the union and the states.  Any of the list in the seventh schedule.  Representation of states in parliament. Power of parliament to amend the constitution and its procedure (Article ). . . State Legislature: Structure,