Glossary Body Language: The way people dress, talk, move, gesticulate, interact, carry themselves Commercialisation: The process of transforming something into a product, service or activity that has economic value and can be traded in the market Culture: Culture was understood as that which referred to knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. Decentralisation: The process of gradual devolution or transfer of functions, resources and decision-making powers to the lower-level democratically elected bodies. Digitalisation: The process, whereby information is produced as a universal binary code, and can thus be easily processed, stored and circulated at greater speed across communication technologies like Internet, satellite transmission, telephones, fiber optic lines, etc. Disinvestment: Privatisation of public sector or government companies Division of labour: Specialisation of tasks in ways that may involve exclusion from some opportunities.
Hence, closure of labour opportunities exist in employment or by gender. Diversification: Spread of investment into different types of economic activities in order to reduce risks. Fordism: A system of production made popular by the American industrialist Henry Ford in the early part of th century. He popularised the assembly line method of mass production of a standardised product (cars).
This era also led to payment of better wages to the workers and social welfare policies being implemented by both industrialists and the state. Great and Little Tradition: The ways of folks or unlettered peasants constitute the Little Traditions and that of the elite or the reflective few constitute the Great Tradition. While the Little Tradition is often localised, Great Tradition has a tendency to spread out. However, studies of festivals in India show that sanskritic rites (Great Tradition) are often getting added to non-Sanskritic rites (Little Tradition) without replacing them.
Identity politics: A range of political activities that are founded in the shared experiences of a particular marginalised group such as gender, race, ethnic group, etc. Import-substitution development strategy: The import substitution substitutes externally produced goods and services, especially basic necessities such as food, water and energy. The notion of import substitution was popularised in the 1950s and 1960s to promote economic independence in developing countries. Industrialisation: The development of modern forms of industry — factories, machines and large-scale production processes.
Industrialisation has been one of the main sets of processes influencing the social world over the past two centuries. Means of production: The means whereby the production of material goods is carried on in a society, including not just technology but the social relations between producers. Micro-electronics: The branch of electronics dealing with the miniaturisation of components and circuits. The giant step in the field of micro-electronics came in with the invention by an Intel engineer of the microprocessor that is a computer on a chip.
In , , transistors (a device for controlling flow of electricity) were packed on a