health. You ingest glucose in your food, and then your body uses blood to carry the glucose to the cells of every organ for the purpose of energy production. . .
Disaccharides Disaccharides are formed when two monosaccharides join together. An example is sucrose . Sucrose is formed from a molecule of α -glucose and a molecule of fructose. This is a condensation reaction releasing water.
The bond formed between the glucose and fructose molecule by removal of water is called glycosidic bond . This is another example of strong, covalent bond. In the reverse process, a disaccharide is digested to the component monosaccharide in a hydrolysis reaction. This reaction involves addition of a water (hydro) molecule and splitting (lysis) of the glycosidic bond.
Figure . : structure of carbohydrates - - . . PM Tri-iodide ion Glucose chain Test for starch a.
Test on potato; b. test on starch at varied concentrations; c. starch – iodine reaction . .
Celluloses Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide made up of thousands of glucose units. In this case, β -glucose units are held together by , glycosidic linkage, forming long unbranched chains. Cellulose fibres are straight and uncoiled. It has many industrial uses which include cellulose fibres as cotton, nitrocellulose for explosives, cellulose acetate for fibres of multiple uses and cellophane for packing (Figure .
). Figure . : Cellulose molecule . .
Chitin Chitin is a homo polysaccharide with amino acids added to form mucopolysaccharide . The basic unit is a nitrogen containing a b c glucose derivative known as N-acetyl glucosamine. It forms the exoskeleton of insects and other arthropods. It is also present in the cell walls of fungi (Figure .
). Figure . : Structure of Chitin molecule Do mushroom cells have cell wall? Mine too My hard shells are made of chitin too My cell walls are made of chitin .
Chitin is made of glucose and chitin is primarily used as a structural component, strengthening exoskeletons, shells, and cell walls of fungus. . . Test for Reducing Sugars Aldoses and ketoses are reducing sugars.
This means that, when heated with an alkaline solution of