related disorders · Part 2

to secrete bicarbonate ions and water to XI Std Biology-Zoology Chapter- Figure. . Cretinism Hyposecretion of thyroid in adults causes myxodema . It is otherwise called Gull’s disease . This disease is characterised by decreased mental activity, memory loss, slowness of movement, speech, and general weakness of body, dry coarse skin, scarce hair, puffy appearance, disturbed sexual function, low BMR, poor appetite, and subnormal body temperature. (Figure . ) +DLUGU\ FRDUVHVSDUVH /DWHUDO H\HEURZVWKLQ 3HULRUELWDO HGHPD 3XII\GXOOIDFH ZLWKGU\VNLQ Figure. . myxodema Grave’s disease also called as thyrotoxicosis or exophthalmic goitre . This disease is caused due to hyper Figure. . Gigantism Figure. . Acromegaly In infants, hypothyroidism causes cretinism. A cretin shows retarded skeletal growth, absence of sexual maturity, retarded mental ability, thick wrinkled skin, protruded enlarged tongue, bloated face, thick and short limbs occurs. The other symptoms are low BMR, slow pulse rate, subnormal body temperature and elevated blood cholesterol levels. (Figure . ) XI Std Biology-Zoology Chapter- Tetany is caused due to the hyposecretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Due to hyposecretion of PTH serum calcium level decreases (Hypocalcemia), as a result serum phosphate level increases. Calcium and phosphate excretion level decreases. Generalized convulsion, locking of jaws increased heart beat rate, increased body temperature, muscular spasm are the major symptoms of tetany. Hyperparathyroidism is caused due to excess PTH in blood. Demineralisation of bone, cyst formation, softening of bone, loss of muscle tone, general weakness, renal disorders are the symptoms of hyperparathyroidism. Addison’s disease is caused due to hyposecretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids from the adrenal cortex. Muscular weakness, low BP., loss of appetite, vomiting, hyper pigmentation of skin, low metabolic rate, subnormal temperature, reduced blood volume, weight loss are the symptoms that occur in Addison’s disease (Figure . ). Reduced aldosterone secretion increases urinary excretion of Na Cl. and water and decreases potassium excretion leading to dehydration. Figure. . Addison’s disease secretion of thyroid. It is characterised by enlargement of thyroid gland, increased BMR ( % - %), elevated respiratory and excretory rates, increased heart beat, high BP, increased body temperature, protrusion of