FLOWCHART AND REACTION SUMMARY OF HYDROCARBON

FLOWCHART AND REACTION SUMMARY OF HYDROCARBON Methods of Preparation Chemical Properties ALKANES R H Pd/Pt Decarboxylation Zn/HCl Reducing agent Na-dry ether wurtz reactions R-X /Zn Frankland method H O H O Kolbe's electrolytic method RCH R Alkenes R R Alkynes RCOONa Sodium salt of carboxylic acid RX- Alkyl halide R MgCl Grignard Reagent RCOONa (or) RCOOK Sodium or potassium salt of carboxylic acid Combustion (3n- )/ ) O nCO + (n+ ) H O + Heat X / h Halogenation R X Alkyl halides Aromatisation CrO /Al O / k Aromatic hydrocarbons H O (steam) + Ni + K CO (g) + H (g) Pyrolysis Alkanes + Alkenes Isomerisation Isomeric Alkanes CaO/NaOH R Alkenes Hydrogenation H Halogenation X (X=Cl, Br) Hydration H O/H + Alkanes R CH CH X X Vicinal dihalides Alcohols R CH CH Hydro halogenation HX - Markovnikoff's rule R CH CH X R CH CH X Alkyl halides cold dil KMnO KMnO / H + R OH OH R COOH Carboxylic acid O Ozonide Aldehydes Polymerisation Long chain polymers Method of preparation Chemical properties Con H SO or Al O Dehydration Controlled hydrogenation R R OH Dehydrohalogenation alc. KOH Dehalogenation Zn/CH OH R X Alkyl halide Alkynes Alcohols R X X Vicinal dihalides Kolbe's electrolysis R CH COOK R CH COOK Potassium salt of dicarboxylic acid Pd - CaCO Lindlar's Catalyst OH Zn K HX / Peroxide Unit Unit - - - - Alkynes R Chemical Properties Hydrogenation Pt/ Ni Alkenes Alkanes H Pt/Ni Bromination Br R C Br Br Br Br Hydro halogenation HCl R C +R CH C H H O / Hg + /H + R CH C CH Polymerisation Cyclic polymers Ozonlysis Ozonide Carboxylic acid Methods of Preparation Br alco. KOH alc.KOH Kolbe electrolytic method R CH CH R CH C OH CH COOK CH COOK K Unit