Team Games

B asketball Basketball is a team game played between two teams of five players each, on the court. Very high amount of energy (calories) expenditure is there in this game. It also helps in building bone and muscle strength and boosts the immune system. This game also develops self-discipline and concentration among young players.

History Basketball originated in the United States of America and was invented by Dr. James Naismith in December, , who was a Physical Educator at the International Young Men’s Christian Association Training School (YMCA) (now known Do You Know? On January , the first set of rules of the Basketball game were published by Dr. James Naismith in the college magazine, “ Triangle ”, under the title “A New Game”.

as Springfield College of Physical Education) in Springfield, Massachusetts. Fig. . : Dr.

James Naismith Naismith sought a vigorous indoor game to keep his students occupied and at proper levels of fitness. But after rejecting many ideas, he obtained a soccer ball and two wooden peach baskets. He hung the baskets on the railing of the balcony at the height of ft above the floor at the opposite ends of the gym hall. The objective of the game was to toss the soccer ball into the peach baskets.

The first basketball game was played among physical education students with nine players on each side, of Springfield secretarial training class of Physical Education (PE) College in December, . The International Basketball Federation FIBA (French acronym: Federation Internationale de Basketball) association was founded in Geneva in . Basketball was featured in the St. Louis, Missouri, United States, III Olympic Games in .

It was officially recognised as an Olympic game in in Berlin. Due to the wide popularity, Basketball was played in the first Asian Games in held at New Delhi. History of basketball in India Basketball was introduced in India by American missionaries towards the end of the first decade of 20th century. It was presumed that in the year , the game of basketball was started at the YMCA Calcutta by H.

Peterson and J.N. Guaj. The credit of starting and popularising this game goes to YMCA College of Physical Education, Madras in the year . The first National Basketball Championship was organised in by the Indian Olympic Association and later after the constitution of Basketball Federation of India (BFI) in at Mumbai, the First National Basketball Championship under the banner of BFI was held at Ludhiana (Punjab) in .

Measurement of playgrounds, and field and specifications of equipment Playing court The playing court shall have a hard and flat surface, free from obstructions with dimensions of m in length and m in width measured from the inner edge of the boundary lines and free space atleast m on all sides. Boundary lines These lines are not part of the playing court. The centre line is marked parallel to the endlines from the mid-point of the sidelines. The extended centreline at sidelines ( cm) divides the court in two halves.

It consists of a Back court (team’s own basket area) and a Front court (consists of the opponents’ basket). All lines are drawn cm in width and in clearly visible white colour. The centre circle shall be marked in the centre of the playing court and have a radius of . m measured to the outer edge of the circumference.

If the inside of the centre circle is painted, it must be the same colour as of the restricted areas. 28m 15m .575m .90m Sideline Throw-in line .325m T h r e e P o i n t L i n e .15m .75m No-charge Semi-Circle .6m Centre Circle Endline Centre line Restricted Area Endline Sideline Fig. . : Basketball court Do You Know?

•• Late C.C. Abraham, professional Physical Education Leader, from Y.M.C.A. College of Physical Education, Chennai and Meher Singh of Rajasthan were the founder, president and secretary of Basketball Federation of India (BFI). •• Wheelchair Basketball was developed in USA by a badly injured army person after the Second World War around .

The rules are approximately similar to Basketball. Do You Know? •• Side line and end line of Basketball court is 28m in length and 15m in width respectively. •• Back support poles are m away from the end lines.

•• The height of the ring from floor is same as it was when Basketball was originated. Free-throw lines, restricted areas and free-throw The free-throw lines are drawn parallel to each end line. It shall have its farthest edge . m from the inner edge of the end line and shall be .

m long. Its mid-point lies on the imaginary line joining the mid-point of the two end lines. The restricted areas are the rectangular areas marked on the playing court limited by the end lines, the extended free- throw lines and the lines which originate at the end lines. Their outer edges being .

m from the mid-point of the end lines, terminate at the outer edge of the extended free-throw lines. These lines, excluding the endlines, are part of the restricted area. The inner side of the restricted areas must be painted in one colour. The freethrow semi-circles marked on the playing court with a radius of .

m measured to the outer edge of the circumference and with their centres at the mid-point of the free-throw lines. •• points can be scored by shooting the ball into the op­ ponents’ basket from the entire court but from outside of the point line. •• points can be scored by shooting the ball into the opponents’ basket, if the shot is taken from inside the point line. •• Only point can be scored by single free shots.

.375m No-charge Semi-Circle area .8m .8m .25m .9m .2m Neutral Zone .75m .85m .4m .83m .83m Fig. . : Restricted area in basketball Equipment The following equipment will be required—Backstop units (backboards, comprising rings and nets, backboard support structures including padding), basketballs, game clock, scoreboard, shot clock, stopwatch or suitable (visible) device (not the game clock) for timing and time-outs, two separate distinctly different and loud signals, one each for the shot clock operator and scorer/timer, scoresheet, player foul markers, and team foul markers. Backboard The backboards ( .

m horizontally and . m vertically) shall be made of a suitable transparent material, made in one ( ) piece, non-reflective, with a flat front surface. All lines on the backboards shall be white, mm in width. The rings shall be made of solid steel and shall have an inside diameter of a minimum of mm and a maximum of mm.

The nets ( mm to mm in length) shall be made of white cord with loops to attach it to the ring. .9cm .9cm 61cm .7cm 5cm .5cm .6cm Fig. . : Basketball backboard .88cm .68cm 18inch wide Diameter .05m from the ground Fig.

. : Basketball backboard and rim dimensions Basketball The ball shall be spherical, with black seams not exceeding . mm in width and, either of a single shade of orange or of Do You Know? First time Indian women’s team participated in Bangkok Asian Game in .

International Basketball Federation (FIBA) approved colour combination and made of leather/artificial/composite/ synthetic leather/rubber. For all men’s and women’s competitions, the basketball specifications are given in the following table and diagram. Table : Basketball dimensions according to category Category Size Circumference Weight Men –780mm –650g Women –737mm –567g Functional Rules of Basketball Basketball is governed by FIBA official rules. The aim of each team is to score in the opponent’s basket and to prevent the other team from scoring.

The team that has scored the greater number of points at the end of playing time is declared as the winner. Team In a match, two teams compete with each other. Each team shall consist of not more than team members entitled to play, including a captain who represents his team on the playing court. During playing time, five players from each team shall be on the playing court, without this a game cannot begin.

Teams may use as many substitutions as. A maximum of five team support staff members who may sit on the team bench and have special responsibilities, e.g., manager, doctor, physiotherapist, trainer, statistician, interpreter, etc., besides a coach and, if a team wishes, it can have an assistant coach also. Player’s positions are given in the diagram below. Fig.

. : Players, position (right), attack, defence (left) Opponents’ Own Basket The basket that is attacked by a team is the opponents’ basket and the basket which is defended by a team is one’s own basket. Uniforms The ‘All-in-ones’ uniform of the team members shall consist of—Jersey of the same dominant colour on the front and back and numbered on the front and back atleast cm high in front and cm high in back with atleast cm width. All players must tuck their Jersey into their playing shorts.

Shorts end above the knee, of the same dominant colour at front and back, but not necessarily of the same colour as the jersey. Socks of the same dominant colour for all players of the team. Teams must have a minimum of two sets of jersey (light/dark). Chest number will be from to or .

Officials, table officials and commissioner The officials shall be a referee and or umpire(s). They shall be assisted by the table officials and by a commissioner, if present. The table officials shall be a scorer, an assistant scorer, a timer and a shot clock operator. Different signals are used to run the game by officials.

Each foul and goal shall be mentioned in the scoresheet. Playing time, tied score and extra periods The game shall consist of periods of minutes each. There shall be intervals of minutes between the first and second quarter (first half), between the third and fourth period (second half) and before each extra period. There shall be a half-time interval of play of minutes.

If the score is tied at the end of playing time for the fourth period, the game shall continue with as many extra periods of minutes as is necessary to break the tie. Beginning and end of a period or the game The first period begins when the ball leaves the hand(s) of the referee on the toss for the jump ball and followed. All the other periods start when the ball is disposed to the players by the officials for the throw in. How the ball is played A game of basketball is played with hand(s) only and may be passed, thrown, tapped, rolled or dribbled in any direction, subject to the restrictions of the rules.

Goal A basket scored from inside the three-point area (also called point field goal area) is worth of points. A basket scored from beyond the three-point area ( point field goal area) is awarded points. A basket scored for the free-throw is worth of one point for each successful attempt. Time-out Each time-out shall last minute.

Each team may be granted two time-outs during the first half, three time-outs during the second half with a maximum of two of these time-outs in the last minutes of the second half. One time-out during each extra period is also given. Substitution A team may substitute a player(s) during a substitution opportunity when the game clock is stopped and the ball becomes dead. Game Lost by Forfeit and default The game is lost by a team if the team is absent or unable to present with five players on the court, or by their action to prevent the game in scheduled time, or if they refuse to play.

In this situation, the opponent team is declared winner by – . The game may be lost by default when a team has fewer then two players during the running game at the playing court. The opponent team is declared winner by – . Violations A violation is an infraction of the rules.

There are different types of violation that occurs during the game. . Player out-of-bounds and ball out-of-bounds: A player is out-of-bounds when any part of his body is in contact with the sideline or endline. .

Dribbling: A dribble starts when a player, having gained control of a live ball on the playing court, throws, taps, rolls, dribbles it on the floor or deliberately throws it against the backboard and touches it again before it touches another player. A dribble ends when the player touches the ball with both hands simultaneously or permits the ball to come to rest in one or both hands. . Time Rule: Three seconds—A player shall not hold the ball in the opponents’ restricted area with live ball for more than continuous seconds.

•• Five seconds—A player may not hold the ball for more than seconds. •• Eight seconds— A team has to go into the opponents’ court within seconds. •• Twenty four seconds—When a team gains possession of the ball, they have to attempt the shot within maximum of seconds. .

Back court: A team which is in control of live ball in its front court may not cause the ball to be illegally return to its back court. Fouls A foul is an infraction of the rules concerning illegal personal contact with an opponent and/or unsportsmanlike behaviour. A number of fouls may be called against a team. Once a team has made four fouls in a period, each next foul will award two free throws to the opponent team.

Fouls categorised as personal foul, technical foul, unsportsmanlike foul, disqualifying foul and noted as individual player foul or team fouls. Fig. . : An offensive foul .

Personal foul: A personal foul occurs when there is illegal contact between two opponents. A player shall not hold, block, push, charge, trip or impede the progress of an opponent by extending the body part, neither in an ‘abnormal’ position nor shall the player indulge in any rough or violent play. A player who commits more than five personal fouls is excluded from the game. (a) Charging: An offensive foul that is committed when a player pushes or runs over a defensive player.

The ball is given to the team upon which the foul was committed. Activity . Find out the information about Wheelchair Basketball and share it with classmates. (b) Blocking: It is an illegal personal contact, which impedes the progress of an opponent with or without the ball.

. Technical Foul: It is a non-contact foul of a behavioural nature (disregarding warning, disrespectful, foul language, delay, etc.). . Unsportsmanlike foul: It is a foul where spirit of the game or the hard contact is made.

. Disqualification Foul: It is any unsportsmanlike (violence) action by players, coaches or delegation members. Irrespective of the penalty, each foul shall be charged, entered on the score sheet against the offender and penalised accordingly. All the possible foul penalties against players on the playing court involved in fighting or any situation which leads to a fight shall be dealt with in accordance of rules.

Basic Skills of Basketball Basketball is played with the help of different skills and techniques like stance, footwork, ball holding and handling, dribbling, passing-receiving, shooting and rebounding. Few are mentioned here. Dribbling It is important to move the ball across the court, get away from defensive players, make or find a good passing line, make use of faking action, on and of course to penetrate the ball to score the goal. There are different types of dribbling which may be learnt and developed with the help of different drills in stationary and moving positions with or without the defensive player.

Fig. . : Dribbling •• Stationary dribble •• Low dribble •• High dribble •• Change of pace dribble •• Crossover dribble •• Behind the back dribble •• Between the legs dribble •• Speed dribble •• Reverse spin dribble Passing and Receiving A good offensive attack requires accurate passing and receiving. It helps to speed the ball, find an open man, to find a good shooter or to get away the ball from the defender.

Fake and feint are used to increase the quality of passing. There are different types of passing using one or both hands during different stationary and moving group and team drills. •• Chest pass •• Overhead pass •• Push pass •• Bounce pass •• Shoulder pass •• Hook pass •• Off the dribble pass •• Baseball pass Fig. .

: Passing and receiving Shooting The objective of the game is to win by scoring maximum points. Therefore, improving the team’s shooting is important to win a game. Shooting by either one or both hands may be done in the following ways: •• Jump Shot •• Dunk Shot •• Free Throw •• Layup •• Three point shot Fig. .

: Shooting Rebounding The objective of rebounding is to successfully gain possession of the basketball after a missed field goal or free throw, as it rebounds from the ring or backboard. This plays a major role in the game, as most possessions end when a team misses a shot. There are two categories of rebound—offensive rebound, in which the ball is recovered by the offensive side and does not change possession, and defensive rebound, in which the defending team gains possession of the loose ball. The majority of rebound is defensive, as the team on defence tend to be better positioned to recover the missed shots.

Fig. . : Rebounding Defence The game of basketball allows a variety of defences to be deployed in an effort to disrupt and combat the offensive plays. Here are examples of the three basic categories of team defence.

In addition, each category consists of an assortment of different variations. . Man to man defence: Man to man defence is usually assigned to be matched up with the defenders against specific offensive players. Defenders are usually assigned to be matched up with the offensive players by size and ability.

. Zone Defence: In zone defence, defenders are assigned to guard specific areas on the court. Zones are named or designated by their player alignments. Fig.

. : Zone defence . Combined Defence: The third type of defence that can be deployed is the combination defence. With combination defence, some of the players are assigned to play man to man while the rest of the defenders play zone defence.

Combination defences are usually deployed in an effort to stop or neutralise great individual offensive players. Awards in Basketball To motivate the extraordinary achievements of the player and coaches, the Government of India honours players with different awards along with cash prizes and certificates. Prasanthi Singh was honoured with Arjuna Award in and she is the first basketball player who received the prestigious civilian award Padma Shri in . Famous Indian Basketball Players Paramjeet Singh, Sarabjit Singh, Vishesh Bhriguwanshi, Tridep Rai, Suman Sharma, Divya Singh, Anitha, I.V.

Chairian, Satnaam Singh, Jagdeep Singh, Gurvinder Singh, and Shri Khusi Ram. Do You Know? Basketball is also played by three players on each side. Activity .

•• What is the air pressure of a Basketball? •• When and where was the first Basketball match in Olymic Games played? •• Who invented Basketball? •• Why is the colour of basketball orange?

•• What is the size and weight of a basketball? B asketball I. Long Answer Questions . Explain the reason behind invention of Basketball by Dr.

Neismith. . What are the reasons of basketball’s development at such a fast pace? .

Discuss the functional rules of basketball. . Explain the four fouls in basketball. II.

Short Answer Questions . What is the full form of FIBA? . Who is known as the father of basketball?

. What is the full form of BFI? . When was the first set of basketball rules framed?

. What is the height of basketball ring from the floor? . What is the weight of the basketball?

III. Fill in the Blanks . The first national basketball championship was held in under IOC. .

Basketball become a regular part of Olympics officially in the year of . . Basketball game is divided into quarters. .