Team Games

C ricket Playing any game need strength and vice versa helps in building strength. Cricket also, through the constant running across the field, helps in increasing the stamina, balance, hand-eye coordination, flexibility and ball-handling skills. Cricket includes a lot of throwing and sprinting across the field, which is a good cardiovascular activity. History A reference of a game resembling to cricket is there in the records of King Edward I, in being played at Kent.

Cricket as a game was first recorded in 16th century in England. Researches show that the game evolved from a very old, widespread game to pass time in which one player served a small piece like a ball made up of wood or any other material and another player hit it with a suitable item. The first recorded cricket match took place in Kent in . Cricket was popular and widely documented in England during the 1700s.

After , the game saw the evolution of over arm bowling by replacing under arm bowling. The Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) was formed on 31st May, . After a year, it laid down a code of laws regarding the game. Its laws were adopted throughout the game.

MCC today remains the custodian and arbiter of laws relating to cricket around the world. Thereafter, cricket recognisably became the game that is played today. In the , cricket had reached the West Indies and India and in the 19th century cricket was played in South Africa and New Zealand. The first international cricket game was played between the USA and Canada in .

The match was played at the grounds of St George’s Cricket Club in New York. In , an England touring team in Australia played two matches against full Australian XIs that are now regarded as the inaugural test matches. History of Cricket in India Cricket is undoubtedly one of the most popular games in India since its inception. The first Indian Cricket club, named the Parsee Oriental Cricket Club, was founded in the year and they played their first match in Bombay (Mumbai).

From this point, the journey of Indian cricket began. The first international exposure in the history of Indian Cricket came in the year . In the same year, a team from the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) toured India. Though it was an unofficial tour, Indian people were quite interested and enthusiastic about the matches that MCC played during the tour.

The legendary Indian cricket player, C.K. Naidu played brilliantly during that tour and he also scored a century against the MCC in Bombay. Imperial Cricket Conference (ICC), now International Cricket Council, was formed on November, . At present there are countries as members of ICC.

The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) was established in the year . India played its first test match against England in . Now cricket is played to cover all the three formats, ranging from Day tests, to the exciting one-day over format, and the over format which is called as T20. Fig.

. : Cricket in the early ages Functional Rules Cricket has many laws, more than any other game. Cricket is played with a bat and ball on a large field, known as ground. It is played between two teams having players each.

There is also a reserved player called a ‘twelfth player’, who is used if any player is injured during the play. The twelfth player is not allowed to bowl, bat, or to act as wicketkeeper or captain of the team. The twelfth player is only to act as a substitute fielder. The objective of the game is to score runs with the bat by the batsman, or dismiss the opposing batsman when in the field by the bowlers.

The cricket laws are for the traditional form of cricket which is called ‘Test Cricket’. However, there are separate rules for one day and T20 format game also. Do You Know? India won the over World Cup beating West Indies in , over World Cup defeating Sri Lanka in and over World Cup beating Pakistan in .

Activity . Gather and share information about the first Indian team of test match, one day match and T20 match in male and female categories. Activity . Find out the details about one day and T20 format of Cricket.

Field positions 3rd Man Leg Slips Fineleg Slips Gully Point Cover Point Cover Extra Cover Mid Off Mid On Mid Wicket Square Leg Bowler WK Deep Square Deep Mid Wicket Deep Extra Cover Long Off Long On Fig. . : Fielding positions on the cricket ground Fig. .

: Cricket players and equipment Number of Players in a team (Playing) + (Extras) = Number of Officials Umpires, Match Referee, Scorers Length of the Bat inches ( mm) Width of the Bat . inches ( mm) Weight of a Cricket Ball . gms – gms Circumference of a Ball . cm – .

cm Colour of a Ball Red (Day Matches and Test Matches) White (Day Night Matches) Length of the Pitch yds or . mts or feet Width of the Pitch . mts or feet Height of the Stumps inches (With bails . inches) Width of the Stumps inches ( .

cm) Fig. . : Cricket pitch measurements There are two ground umpires and a third umpire. Their role is to ensure in the ground that the game is played as per the preambles and laws.

The third umpire is in charge of the video decisions. Game Structure: Test cricket is a game that spans for two or more innings. This means that one team needs to bowl and the other would do batting. If a team is out twice or scores less runs in two innings, than that team is the losing team.

Before the game begins, an umpire tosses a coin. The captain who guesses the correct side of the coin will then choose whether to bat or field first. How to play Cricket •• One team will bat while the other team will field. •• If the bowler bowls the ball from the wrong place or the ball is either dangerous or bounces more than twice or rolls before reaching the batsman or if fielders are standing at illegal positions, it is called ‘No Ball’.

(a) (b) Fig. . : (a) No ball (b) Wide ball The batsman can hit a no ball and score runs and also cannot be declared out from a no ball except if the player is run out or hit the ball twice, or obstruct the field. A no ball will add one run to the batting team.

•• A ‘Wide Ball’ is declared if the batsman did not have a reasonable opportunity to score off the delivery. As if the delivery is bowled over the batsmen’s reach. A wide delivery will add one run to the batting team. •• A ‘Bye’ run is scored when a batsman is trying to hit the ball but could not hit it and is miss-field by the fielder or wicket keeper.

•• A ‘Leg Bye’ run is scored if while hitting, the batsman misses to hit the ball by bat and is deflected by striker’s body or protective gear. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) Fig. . : (a) Bye (b) Leg bye (c) Out (d) Short run (e) Six (f) Four (g) Decision change (h) Dead ball When is a Batsman declared ‘out’ as per cricket rules?

There are ways through which a batsman can be given “out” in the game of cricket. •• Bowled: If the ball is bowled and hits the striking bats­ man’s wickets, the batsman is given out (as long as at least one bail or stump is dislodged by the ball). It does not matter whether the ball has touched the batsman’s bat, gloves, body or any other part of the batsman. •• Caught: If a batsman hits the ball or touches the ball at all with the bat or hand holding the bat and the fielders, or wicket keeper or bowler catches the ball, it is called as caught out.

•• Stumped: A batsman can be given out when the wicketkeeper puts down the wicket while the player is out of the crease and not attempting a run (while attempting a run it would be a run out) but trying to play the ball and misses it. (a) (b) (c) Fig. . : (a) Bowled (b) Caught (c) Stumped •• Leg Before Wicket (LBW): If the ball is bowled (not a No Ball) and it hits the batsman first without touching and the bat and umpire thinks and decide that the ball would have hit the wickets if the batsman was not there, then the LBW decision is possible.

However, if the ball hits the batsman outside the line of off stump while the player was attempting to play a stroke then the player is not out. •• Run Out: A batsman is out if no part of the bat or body is grounded behind the popping crease while the ball is in play and the wicket is fairly put down by the fielding side. •• Hit Wicket: If a batsman hits the wicket down with the bat or body after the bowler has entered the delivery stride and the ball is in play, then the player is out. •• Handled the Ball: If the batsman willingly handles the ball with the hand that is not touching the bat without the consent of the opposition, then the player is declared out.

Do You Know? There is no fix measurement for cricket’s outer bounderies. Activity . •• Draw and discuss the different positions of the fielders in cricket.

Do You Know? After Jim Leker of England, only Anil Kumble from India in took all wickets in one inning ( / in . overs). (a) (b) Fig.

. : (a) Hit wicket (b) Run out •• Obstructing the Field: A batsman is out if he willingly obstructs the opposition by word or action. Fig. .

: (a) Handled the ball (b) Obstructing the field •• Timed Out: The time for an incoming batsman to face a ball or be at the non-strikers end within three minutes of the outgoing batsman being dismissed. If this is not done, the incoming batsman can be given out. •• Hit the Ball Twice: If a batsman hits a ball twice other than for the purpose of protecting his wicket, he is out. •• Retired: If a batsman retires without the umpire’s consent and also doesn’t have the consent of the opposition captain to resume his innings, then technically he is out.

There are many other cricket laws. Many of the more advanced rules and laws can be learned along the way and are not vital to general play. Awards in Cricket To motivate the extraordinary achievements of the players and coaches, the Government of India honours players with different awards along with cash prizes and certificates. In the year Virat Kohli received Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award in .

Smriti Mandhana was honoured with Arjuna Award. Tarak Sinha has been honoured with Dronacharya Award for an excellent contribution as a Coach. C ricket I. Long Answer Questions .

Write down the international and Indian history of cricket. . Explain the ways through which a batsman can be given ‘out’ in the game of cricket.