class 11 health and physical education ncert book chapter 8 · Section 8

Health Related Physical Fitness taken from the atmosphere with the help of nose and mouth and is sent to the lungs and from where it is transferred to the blood. Transportation of oxygen from lungs to the target muscle is very important. How much oxygen will be transported depends upon the amount of oxygen absorbed by the blood and the capacity of the heart which will pump the blood into circulation. The amount of oxygen absorbed in blood depends upon the amount of haemoglobin present in the blood which carries oxygen to the target muscles. The capacity of the heart and vascular system of the body will determine how fast the blood will reach to the target muscle. If the heart is strong and has larger chamber size, it will pump more blood in circulation which will help the oxygen to reach the target muscle in less time. Further, when the oxygen reaches the target muscle, it has to be taken up by the muscle and then consumed. . Anaerobic capacity: It is the ability of the muscle to work in the presence of inadequate amount of oxygen. During such conditions, two types of energy systems work, i.e., splitting of phosphogens and glycolysis of glycogens. The phosphogens, i.e., Adenosine Triphosphate and Creatine Phosphate (ATP and CP) last for to seconds only. The amount of phosphogens can be increased by training. The increased ratio of lactic acid in the muscle decreases the capacity of working muscle, so it is quickly pushed into the blood which makes changes in the pH value of the blood and makes the blood acidic. To avoid this, alkali reserves present in the blood neutralise the lactic acid effect. This system is called buffer system and it is very helpful for endurance performance. Further, an individual’s capacity to tolerate lactic acid also plays an important role in deciding the endurance capacity. . Movement pattern: Economical movement pattern is of great help for saving energy, which in turn helps in improving endurance capacity of an individual. A good technique can save the wastage of energy. . Psychological factors: This has a big role to play when it comes to endurance performance. Mental toughness to tolerate pain, pushing oneself, etc., has a great impact on continuing the long duration activities. -