Team Games

H andball History At the end of the nineteenth century, somewhere in Northern Europe, it became necessary to unify the rules, which was done by Karl Schelenz. The new game rules came in force in Berlin, in . The sports international governing body was first formed in as the Federation International Handball Amateur. It took its current name in Copenhagen, Denmark in as the International Handball Federation (IHF).

The first president of IHF was Avery Brundage—an American who went on to become president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The first Field Handball World Championships were played in Germany in , following its appearance at the Berlin Olympic Games and then it made a comeback into the games in the Munich Olympic games. The women’s version of the game was added in the Montreal Olympic games. Indoor Handball was invented in the 1940s in Denmark.

The International Handball Federation which was established in , oversees the game, and at present it has member countries associated with it. The first International Handball Federation (IHF) World Men’s Handball Championship commenced in . The IHF World Women’s Handball Championship commenced in . The Asian Handball Federation (AHF) is the governing body of handball in Asia.

The Asian Handball Federation had begun when the Martyr Sheikh Fahad Al-Ahmad Al- Sabah of the Kuwait initiated a motion to the Executive Committee of the Asian Games requesting recognition of the handball game and also formation of the Asian Handball Federation during seventh Asian Games, Tehran, Iran in . Accordingly, the Asian Games Federation during its meeting on 26th of August , had recognised Handball as an official game. The headquarters is located in Kuwait City, Kuwait. The Handball federation of India was established in .

The first senior National Handball Championship was held at Rohtak (Haryana) in . Haryana won the gold medal and Vidharbha got the silver medal. First time in India, Handball Team participated in Asian Games held in India in . Functional Rules Playing Area The handball court measures meters in length and meters in width which is divided by the centre line.

The goal area line, or -meter line, is the most important line. No one except the goalkeeper is allowed to stand in the goal area. Opponent players may not jump or enter into the goal area without releasing the ball for goal. Do You Know?

In India, Handball was founded by Jagat Singh Chauhan who was Physical Education teacher and hailed from Haryana. He was the first secretary of Handball Federation of India. Activity . Make a list of the famous handball players in male and female section.

Handball Tournaments and Championships World Championship, Olympic Games, Summer Olympics, Asian Olympics, Commonwealth Games are the tournaments organised by international sports organisations. Whereas, Handball Federation of India organises Federation Cup, National games and Indian Handball Super League, etc. yds yds yds yds yds yds yds Substitution Fig. .

: Playing area and players, position in handball Fig. . : Specifications and rules regarding handball Number of Players A team consists of players and substitutes in each team. There are seven playing members on each team (six court players and one goalkeeper).

Substitute team member may enter the game at any time repeatedly through the team’s own substitution area as long as the player they are replacing has left the court. Player positions and nomenclature are given in the diagram. Fig. .

: Players’ attacking and defensive positions in handball court Uniform of the Players Player chest numbers range from to . Uniform shirts and shorts are of the same colour. The goalkeeper must wear a different coloured shirt from the teammates and opponents. No jewellery is allowed.

Referees There are two referees, a court referee and a goal line referee. Referees have complete authority and their decisions are final. The referees are assisted by a timekeeper and a scorer. Duration of the Game The duration of the match for different age groups is allotted as mentioned in the following table: Table : Duration of the game Age Group Playing time with minutes of interval – years Two halves of minutes – years Two halves of minutes and above Two halves of minutes This is running time except for injury or one team time- out.

The teams have to change bench/side after half-time. Overtime consists of two halves of minute/period with minute half-time break. If the game is still tied, the winner will be determined in accordance with the rules of the particular competition. Team Time-out One minute time-out can be taken by each team in every half.

Throw-off A throw-off is given to the team that wins the toss. Both the teams must be in their own side of the court with the defense meters away from the ball. On a whistle, the ball is passed from centre court to a teammate and the play begins. Throw- off is repeated after every goal scored and after half-time.

Throw-in When the ball goes out of bounds on the sideline or when the ball is last touched by a defensive player (not goalkeeper), a throw-in is awarded and goes out of bounds over the endline. The throw-in is taken from the nearest spot where the ball crossed out. The thrower must put either foot on the sideline to perform the throw-in. All opponents must stand meters away from the ball.

Scoring A goal is scored when the entire ball crosses the goal line inside the goal. A goal may be scored from any type of throw, i.e., free-throw, throw-in, throw-off, and goal-throw. Playing the Ball A player is permitted to throw, push, stop, catch, or hit the ball, by using hands (open or closed), head, arms, torso, thighs, and knees. (a) A player is allowed: (i) to run with the ball for steps.

(ii) to hold the ball for seconds. (iii) unlimited dribble with steps allowed before and after dribbling (no double-dribble). (iv) to take a maximum of steps with the ball. Defending the Opponent A player may use the torso of the body to defend an opponent with or without the ball.

However, using the outstretched arms or legs to obstruct, push, hold, trip or hit is not allowed. The attacking player is not allowed to charge into a defensive player. Passive Play A ball possession team cannot delay the game without making a recognisable attempt to attack and to shoot or goal. Referee Throw: A referee throw is awarded simultaneous infringement of the rules after simultaneous possession of the ball.

The referee throws the ball vertically between two opposing players at centre court. The jumping players may tap the ball to a teammate or grab the ball. During this, other players must be meters away from the ball. Free-throw Free-throw is awarded to the opponent against a minor foul or violation at the exact spot of the foul.

If the foul or violation occurs between the goal area line and the meter line, the throw is taken from the nearest post outside the meter line. The thrower must keep one foot in contact with the floor. A Player is NOT allowed to •• endanger an opponent with the ball. •• pull, hit or punch the ball out of the hands of an opponent.

•• contact the ball below the knee. •• dive on the floor for a rolling or stationary ball. Meter Throw The meter throw is awarded when: •• Illegally demolish a clear chance to goal •• The goalkeeper carries the ball back into his/her team’s own goal area •• A court player intentionally plays the ball to his or her own goalkeeper in the goal area and the goalkeeper touches the ball •• A defensive player enters his or her goal area to gain an advantage over an attacking player in possession of the ball. Activity .

•• Differentiate the yellow and red card penalties. •• What is the name of broken line as displayed in the figure? •• All players must be outside the free-throw line when the throw is taken. The player taking the throw has seconds to shoot after referee’s whistle.

•• Any player may take the meter throw. Goal-throw When the ball rebounds off the goalkeeper over the end line, a goal-throw is given. The player of the attacking team throws over the ball from the end line. The goalkeeper takes the throw inside the goal area and is not limited by the -step/ -second rule.

Progressive Punishments: These pertain to the fouls that require more punishment than just a free-throw. ‘Actions’ directed mainly at the opponent and not the ball (such as reaching around, holding, pushing, hitting, tripping and jumping into an opponent) are to be punished progressively. Warnings (Yellow Card) The referee gives only one warning to a player for rule violations and a total of three warnings to a team. Exceeding these limits results in minute suspension thereafter.

Warning is not required prior to giving minute suspension. minute suspension is awarded to a player for serious or repeated rule violations, like non-sportsmanship conduct, illegal substitution, etc. Disqualification and Exclusion (Red Card) A disqualification is equivalent to three minute suspensions. A disqualified player must leave the competition arena.

The team has to continue play for rest of the time with one player short due to player’s disqualification. Measurement of Playground and Specifications of Equipment Playing Court The playing court in Handball is a meter long and meter wide rectangle, consisting of two goalposts. The longer boundary lines are called side lines, and the shorter ones are called goal lines (between the goalposts) or outer goal lines (on either side of the goal). There should be a safety zone surrounding the playing court, with a width of at least meter along the side lines and meters behind the goal lines.

• All lines on the court are fully part of the playing area that they enclose. The goal lines shall be cm wide at the goalposts (see diagram), whereas all the other lines shall be cm wide. Lines between two adjacent areas may be replaced with a difference in colours between the adjacent areas of the floor. • In front of each goal, there is a goal area.

The goal area is defined by the goal area line ( meter line), which is drawn with the following dimensions. (a) A meter long line directly in front of the goal; this line is parallel to the goal line and metres away from it (measured from the rear edge of the goal line to the front edge of the goal area line). (b) Two quarter circles, each with a radius of metres (measured from the rear inner corner of the goalposts), connecting the meter long line with the outer goal line. The free throw line ( metre line) is a broken line, drawn metres outside the goal area line.

Both the segments of the line and the spaces between them measure 15cm (see diagram). The meter line is a meter long line, directly in front of the goal. It is parallel to the goal line and meters away from it (measured from the rear edge of the goal line to the front edge of the meter line) see diagram. The goalkeeper’s restraining line (the meter line) is a 15cm long line, directly in front of the goal.

It is parallel to the goal line and metres away from it (measured from the rear edge of the goal line to the front edge of the meter line). The center line connects the midpoints of the two side lines. The substitution line (a segment of the side line) for each team extends from the center line to a point at a distance of . meters from the center line.

This end point of the substitution line is enhanced by a line which is parallel to the center line, extending 15cm inside the side line and 15cm outside the side line (see diagrams). Specifications of equipment A goal (see diagrams) is placed in the center of each outer goal line. The goals must be firmly attached to the floor or the walls behind them. They have an interior height of metres and a width of metres.

The goalposts are joined by a horizontal crossbar. The rear side of the goalposts shall be in line with the rear edge of the goal line. The goalposts and the crossbar must have an 8cm square cross section. On the three sides which are visible from the court, they must be painted in bands of two contrasting colors, which also contrast clearly with the background.

The goals must have a net, that should be attached in such a way that a ball thrown into the goal normally remains in the goal. Activity . What is substitution area and why is it used? Fig.

. : Specifications of goalpost in handball (all dimensions indicated in cm) The Ball Handball is played with a panel leather ball. The ball sizes, to be used by different categories of teams are as follows: Table : Ball Sizes According to Age Group Ball Size Age Group –60cm and –475g (IHF Size ) Men and Male youth of over age –56cm and –375g (IHF Size ) Women, Female youth (over age ), and Male Youth ( – years) –52cm and –330g (IHF Size ) Female youth ( – years) and Male youth of age ( – years) Table : Measurement Specifications Terms Units Size of Playfield H andball I. Long Answer Questions .

Write down the History of Handball. . Draw a labelled handball playfield. .

Explain the functional rules of Handball. . Differentiate between the m Goal Area Line and m free throw line. II.

Short Answer Questions . What is the full form of IHF? . When and where was the IHF framed?

. How many players and substitutes are there in a Handball team? . Write down the names of the current Indian Handball team members?

III. Fill in the Blanks . The first national handball championship was held in . .

Handball became a regular part of Olympics officially in the year of . . Time out is related to quarters of playing time. .

Panalty line is away from the Goal Post. IV. State whether True or False . The first World Championship under IHF was conducted in .

. seconds rule is related to violation. . The length of a Handball ground is m.