Team Games

K ho -K ho The game Kho-Kho is based upon the natural principles of physical development and develops all of the motor qualities of an individual. It involves and cultivates a healthy combative spirit among the youth. It is not merely a game of running with speed but also to chase at natural instinct to overtake. Fig.

. : Players in kho-kho playground Do You Know? •• India is the first country to introduce Professional Kabaddi League. •• Asian Kabaddi circuit is dominated by Indian coaches and players to develop the game of Kabaddi in Asia.

Activity . •• How many gold medals did India win in Asian games, Jakarta-Palembang (Indonesia) ? •• Collect the information of teams and their occupied owners in Professional Kabaddi League in India. History of Kho-Kho The origin of Kho-Kho is not easy to mark out, but many historians believe that it is a modified form of ‘Run and Chase’, which in its simplest form involves chasing and touching a person.

The popularity and development of this game has been associated with the development of ‘Akharas’ and ‘Vyayamshalas’ in Maharashtra. Probably, the game Kho-Kho has originated from Pune, Maharashtra and slowly spread within the country and also gained popularity in the neighbouring countries, i.e., Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Pakistan. The rules of this game were framed in by a committee of veteran players. Initially two players were made to stand at the two ends instead of the posts.

The game is controlled and governed by the rules formed by Kho- Kho Federation of India which was established in . It is believed that the first championship of Kho-Kho was held in at Vijaywada. ‘Hanuman Vyayam Prasarak Mandal’ Amravati, has given the modern form to this game. Kho-Kho game was first introduced in the National Games in , held in Delhi.

First Asian Kho-Kho championship was held in in Calcutta, where Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and India participated. It was also introduced as a demonstration game in the Berlin Olympics in . Measurements of Kho-Kho Playground Kho-Kho ground is rectangular in shape and can be constructed either outdoor or indoor. In outdoor spaces, it should be made on a levelled clay surface and synthetic or wooden surface should be used when playing indoors.

Table : Basics of Kho-Kho Terms Units Shape of the playfield Rectangular Total area including lobbies 32m × 21m Dimensions of the playfield 27m × 16m (Men/Women and Junior Boys/ Girls) 23m × 14m (Sub Junior Boys/Girls) Free Zone .5m × 16m (Men/Women and Junior Boys/Girls) .5m × 14m (Sub Junior Boys/Girls) Centre Lane 24m (Men/Women and Junior Boys/Girls) 20m (Sub Junior Boys/Girls) Do You Know? Practice of Kho-Kho helps to develop coordinative abilities more than other games. Terms Units Cross Lane 35cm × 30cm (Men/Women and Junior Boys/Girls) 30cm × 30cm (Sub Junior Boys/Girls) Distance: Pole to first Cross lane .55m (Men/Women and Junior Boys/ Girls) .15m (Sub Junior Boys/Girls) Distance between two chasters block .30m (Men/Women and Junior Boys/ Girls) .90m (Sub Junior Boys/Girls) Number of innings in Kho- Kho for each team (total turns of minutes each) Duration of the interval minutes (after first inning for both teams) Time interval between team turns including interval time minutes ( + + + + + + ) = minutes Dimensions of the pole (Height) .20m to .25m Diameter of the pole 9cm to 10cm Number of players playing members and extra players Officials Umpires, Referee, Time Keeper, Scorer Fig. .

: Specifications of kho-kho playground (men/women) Equipment For the construction and playing Kho-Kho, the following equipment are required— . Posts (Two Wooden Poles) . Cord (for field marking only) . Steel measuring tape (for field marking) .

Lime powder (for field marking) . Stopwatch . Score sheet . Large score board (score indicator) .

Time indicating Plates ( mm × cm) General rules and regulations . Each team consists of players. Nine players play the game. .

On the basis of the toss, the captain chooses running (defending) or chasing (attacking). . Nine players of the chasing team participate during the attack, out of which eight players sit on the boxes of the central lane. The players sit in the boxes alternately in such a way so as to face in opposite direction.

. An active chaser gives a vocal signal ‘kho’ to the team’s own sitting player with a simple tap by palm on his/ her back and sits in their box. It is a violation if the sitting player moves before the kho is completed. This violation of the sitting player is termed as ‘early kho’.

. A chaser while chasing is not allowed to change the direction, but they can change the direction in rectangles known as free zones which are outside the poles. . If a chaser touches the runner, the runner is given out.

. The match consists of two innings. Each team is given nine minutes for chasing (attack) and nine minutes for running (defend). .

The running team is divided into three groups consisting of three players in each group. First group enters with the starting whistle and the second group enters when the players of first group are out and the game continues. . A runner is also declared out if any part of his body touches outside the playing area or moves out of the playing area while defending himself.

. A substitution can be made: a) for the runners team before giving the order of the runners to officials. b) chasers can be substituted during the game any time. .

After getting out, the runner should sit in the lobby accorded to his group. . In a match, there are two umpires, one referee, one time keeper and one scorer. Specific exercises of warm-up and conditioning .

Jogging, and running . Breath control exercises . Dodging and Zig-Zag running . Bending and stretching exercises .

Frog jump Fundamental skills of kho-kho . Types of giving Kho a) Simple Kho b) Beginners Kho c) Late Kho . Method of chasing a) Left hand chase b) Right hand chase . Method of sitting a) Bullet/Bunch method b) Parallel method .

Method of getting up a) Monkey style b) Standing up style c) Combined style . Making the chain a) Single chain b) Double chain c) Making a ring . Dodging . Diving a) straight dive (front dive) b) Sideward dive Fig.

. : Straight dive in kho-kho Fig. . : Side dive in kho-kho Important tournaments International .

Asian Championship—started in at Calcutta . Netaji Subhash International Tournament—first held in National . Federation Cup . Nehru Gold Cup .

National Kho-Kho Championship . Inter University Championship Do You Know? Kho-Kho is now played indoor on mats also. Activity .

Ask your teacher to organise an inter-class/inter-group Kho- Kho competition in the school. K ho -K ho I. Long Answer Questions . Explain the history of Kho-Kho.

. Draw a Kho-Kho court according to the specifications. . Describe some fundamental skills of Kho-Kho.

. Write about the important national and international tournaments organised in Kho-Kho. Health and Physical Edcation - XI . Explain the general rules and regulations of Kho-Kho.

. Explain the dimensions of the Kho-Kho ground for women. II. Short Answer Questions .

Define ‘chasers’. . State the height of the pole in Kho-Kho. .

Can a runner touch the sitting chaser? . Is a player considered out, if his both feet are outside the playing court? .

Name the basic techniques of Kho-Kho. . Who was the first Kho-Kho player to get the Arjuna Award? .

Can the chasers finish their turn before the allotted time? . Will the defenders have to come again, if they are all out before the time? .

What are the dimensions of each square for men’s playfield? . How many points are awarded if a runner is out? .

How many officials are required in a Kho-Kho match? . Name some of the famous players of Kho-Kho. .

How many players are there in a Kho-Kho team? . How many innings are there in a Kho-Kho match? .

What is the total duration of a Kho-Kho match? . Who had given the modern form to Kho-Kho? III.

Fill in the Blanks . For the first time, the rules of Kho-Kho were framed in the year . . The modern frame of the game is credited to .

. The governing body of Kho-Kho in India is . . Asian championship started in .

. Chaser in Kho-Kho is also called . IV. State whether True or False .

Hanuman Vyayam Prasarak Mandal has given the modern form of Kho-Kho. . Kho-Kho federation of India was established in . .

Eleven players play in a Kho-Kho game. . Running team is divided into three groups consisting three players each. .

The Kho-Kho game develops agility.