levels gradually. . Helps avoid fainting or dizziness, which can result from blood pooling in the large muscles of the legs when a vigorous activity is stopped suddenly. .
Helps to remove metabolites (intermediate substances formed during metabolism) from muscles, such as lactic acid. . Helps to prepare the muscles for the next exercise session, whether it’s the next day or in a few days’ time. Effects of Exercise on various Body Systems Effects of Exercise on Cardiovascular System Cardiovascular is the system of heart, blood vessels, and blood.
The effects of exercise on cardiovascular system are summarised as — Heart rate: The number of beats or contractions of heart in one minute is called as heart rate. The number of contractions ranges from to beats/minute. However, beats/minute is considered as the normal heart rate. During exercise, the heart rate increases and may range from to beats/minute depending on the intensity of exercise.
Faster removal of lactic acid from fast twitch muscle fibre Faster removal of carbon dioxide from muscle tissue Reduction in the risk of muscle soreness Effects of a cool down Stroke volume: The amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in each heartbeat is known as stroke volume. At rest, the stroke volume is around ml/beat for male and ml/beat for female, during exercise the stroke volume increases. Cardiac output: It is the amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle of the heart in one minute. It is the product of stroke volume and heart rate.
Endurance training results in increased cardiac output through increased stroke volume. Cardiac output increases directly with increased exercise. Cardiac output = Heart rate × Stroke volume At rest it is around litre/minute; during exercise the increase may be about to fold. Cardiac hypertrophy: Hypertrophy is the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells.
Cardiac hypertrophy is referred to as ‘athlete’ heart, which may occur after – years of vigorous physical training. Blood volume: The blood is a reddish