tetrahedral field Crystal filed splitting Energy and nature of ligands: The magnitude of crystal field splitting energy not only depends on the ligand field as discussed above but also depends on the nature of the ligand, the nature of the central metal atom/ion and the charge on it. Let us understand the effect of the nature of ligand on crystal field splitting by calculating the crystal field splitting energy of the octahedral complexes of titanium(III) with different ligands such as fluoride, bromide and water Figure . d-orbitals in tetrahedral ligand field d xy d xz d yz d z2 d x2 - y2 d d L L L L X Y Y' X' Z' Z ∆= ∆ t XII U5 Coordination XII U5 Coordination - - - - using their absorption spectral data. The absorption wave numbers of complexes [TiBr ] - , [TiF ] - and [Ti(H O) ] + are 12500, 19000 and 20000 cm - respectively.
The energy associated with the absorbed wave numbers of the light, corresponds to the crystal field splitting energy (Δ) and is given by the following expression, Δ = h ν = hc λ = hc ν where h is the Plank' s constant; c is velocity of light, υ is the wave number of absorption maximum which is equal to /λ [TiBr ] - [TiF ] - [Ti(H O) ] + Δ = hc ν = ( . × – Js ) × ( × ms – ) × (12500 × m – ) = 248475 × – J = . × – kJ To express Δ on a per mole basis, multiply it by Avogadro number = ( . × – kJ) × ( .