– J = . × – kJ To express Δ on a per mole basis, multiply it by Avogadro number = ( . × – kJ) × ( . × mol - ) = .
× mol - ) = . kJ mol – From the above calculations, it is clear that the crystal filed splitting energy of the Ti + in complexes,the three ligands is in the order; Br - < F - < H O. Similarly, it has been found form the spectral data that the crystal field splitting power of various ligands for a given metal ion, are in the following order I - <Br - <SCN - <Cl - <S - <F - <OH - ≈urea< ox - < H O< NCS - <EDTA - <NH <en<NO -<CN- < CO The above series is known as spectrochemical series. The ligands present on the right side of the series such as carbonyl causes relatively larger crystal field splitting and are called strong ligands or strong field ligands, while the ligands on the left side are called weak field ligands and causes relatively smaller crystal field splitting.
XII U5 Coordination XII U5 Coordination - - - - Distribution of d electrons in octahedral complexes: The filling of electrons in the d orbitals in the presence of ligand field also follows Hund's rule. In the octahedral complexes with d and d configurations, the electrons occupy different degenerate t 2g orbitals and remains unpaired. In case of d configuration, there are two possibilities. The fourth electron may either go to the higher energy e g orbitals or it may