) is required. The high reduction potential of Mn Mn + indicates Mn + is more stable than Mn + . For Fe Fe + the reduction potential is .77V, and this low value indicates that both Fe + and Fe + can exist under normal conditions. The drop from Mn to Fe is due to the electronic structure of the ions concerned.Mn + has a 3d configuration while that of Mn + is 3d .
The extra stability associated with a half filled d sub shell makes the reduction of Mn + very feasible (E = + .51V). . . Magnetic properties Most of the compounds of transition elements are paramagnetic.
Magnetic properties are related to the electronic configuration of atoms. We have already learnt in XI STD that − . . .
. Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co 3d-Series Figure . (b) E M M -3d series XII U4-D-Block-Jerald XII U4-D-Block-Jerald - - - - the electron is spinning around its own axis, in addition to its orbital motion around the nucleus. Due to these motions, a tiny magnetic field is generated and it is measured in terms of magnetic moment.
On the basis of magnetic properties, materials can be broadly classified as (i) paramagnetic materials (ii) diamagnetic materials, besides these there are ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic materials. Materials with no elementary magnetic dipoles are diamagnetic, in other words a species with all paired electrons exhibits diamagnetism. This kind of materials are repelled by the magnetic field because the presence of external magnetic field, a magnetic induction is introduced to the material which generates weak magnetic field that oppose the applied field. Paramagnetic solids having unpaired electrons possess magnetic dipoles which are isolated from one another.
In the absence of external magnetic field, the dipoles are arranged at random and hence the solid shows no net magnetism. But in the presence of magnetic field, the dipoles are aligned parallel to the direction of the applied field and therefore, they are attracted by an external magnetic field.