Metallurgy

Metallurgy Minerals Ores Concentration of ores Gravity separation Froth floatation Magnetic separation Leaching Cyanide Acid Alkali Extraction of crude metal Conversion of ore into oxides Roasting Calcination Reduction of metal oxides Smelting Reduction by C or H or metal Auto reduction Refining process Distillation Liquation Zone refining Vapour phase method Pure metal Applications of Al ,Cu ,Zn , Fe and Au Principles of metallurgy Thermodynamic principles D G = D H–T D S Electrochemical principles D G = –nFE Ellingham diagram XII U1 Metallurgy - XII U1 Metallurgy - - - - - Learning Objectives After studying this unit, the students will be able to describe the general trends in the properties of p-block elements explain the anomalous properties of the first element of p-block groups discuss the preparation, properties and uses of boron discuss the preparation of important, compounds of boron and aluminium discuss the preparation and properties of important compounds of carbon and silicon Kenneth wade ( – ) Kenneth Wade, was British chemist, and professor emeritus at Durham University. He developed a method for the prediction of shapes of borane clusters. Wade’s rules are used to rationalize the shape of borane clusters by calculating the total number of skeletal electron pairs (SEP) available for cluster bonding. For his substantial contribution, Kenneth Wade was granted FRS award from royal society, London In .He received the Tilden prize award in from the Royal Society of Chemistry for advances in chemistry.