. NITRO COMPOUNDS Nitro compounds are considered as the derivaties of hydrocarbons. If one of the hydrogen atom of hydrocarbon is replaced by the -NO group, the resultant organic compound is called a nitrocompound. .
. Classification of nitrocompounds Nitro compounds (Organic compounds containing -NO group) Aliphatic nitro compounds Aromatic nitro compounds Nitroalkanes CH CH NO Nitroethane Alkylnitrites CH CH N = O ethylnitrite Nitro arenes Aryl nitroalkanes C H NO N + - O nitrobenzene phenylnitromethane Primary ( ) nitroalkane Example: Nitroethane NO Secondary ( ) nitroalknane Example: -nitropropane NO Tertiary ( ) nitroalknane Example: -methyl- -nitropropane NO XII U13-Organic Nitrogen XII U13-Organic Nitrogen - - - - Nitroalkanes are represented by the formula, R-NO where R is an alkyl group (C H -) n 2n+ Nitroalkanes are further classified into primary, secondary, tertiary nitroalkanes on the basis of type of carbon atom to which the nitro (-NO ) group is attached. . .
Nomenclature of nitroalkanes In the IUPAC nomenclature, the nitroalkanes are named by adding prefix nitro before the name of alkane, the position of the nitro group is indicated by number. Compound (common name, Structural formula, IUPAC Name) IUPAC Name Prefix with position number Root used Primary suffix Secondary Suffix CH CH NO - Methyl – - nitropropane - Methyl – - nitro prop ane – NO , – dimethyl – - nitro propane , – dimethyl – - nitro prop ane – NO Nitrobenzene nitro benzene – – NO -nitro - -methyl benzene -nitro- -methyl benzene – – NO NO NO , , – trinitrobenzene , , – trinitro benzene – – NO – phenyl – - nitroethane – phenyl – - nitro eth ane XII U13-Organic Nitrogen XII U13-Organic Nitrogen - - - - . . ISOMERISM Nitroalkanes exhibit chain and position isomerism among their own class and functional isomerism with alkyl nitrites and special type tautomerism can also exist in nitro alkanes having an