Classification . . On the Basis of Number of Halogen Atoms . .
Compounds Containing sp C— X Bond (X = F, Cl, Br, I) Allylic carbon Allylic carbon Haloalkanes and Haloarenes This class includes: (a) Vinylic halides These are the compounds in which the halogen atom is bonded to a sp -hybridised carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C = C). (b) Aryl halides These are the compounds in which the halogen atom is directly bonded to the sp -hybridised carbon atom of an aromatic ring. Having learnt the classification of halogenated compounds, let us now learn how these are named. The common names of alkyl halides are derived by naming the alkyl group followed by the name of halide.
In the IUPAC system of nomenclature, alkyl halides are named as halosubstituted hydrocarbons. For mono halogen substituted derivatives of benzene, common and IUPAC names are the same. For dihalogen derivatives, the prefixes o -, m -, p- are used in common system but in IUPAC system, as you have learnt in Class XI, the numerals , ; , and , are used. .
. Compounds Containing sp C— X Bond The dihaloalkanes having the same type of halogen atoms are named as alkylidene or alkylene dihalides. The dihalo-compounds having both the halogen atoms are further classified as geminal halides or gem-dihalides when both the halogen atoms are present on the same carbon atom of the