Nomenclature named as N-methylethanamine and (CH CH ) N is named as N, N- diethylethanamine. More examples are given in Table . . In arylamines, –NH group is directly attached to the benzene ring.
C H NH is the simplest example of arylamine. In common system, it is known as aniline. It is also an accepted IUPAC name. While naming arylamines according to IUPAC system, suffix ‘e’ of arene is replaced by ‘amine’.
Thus in IUPAC system, C H –NH is named as benzenamine. Common and IUPAC names of some alkylamines and arylamines are given in Table . . Amine Common name IUPAC name CH - –CH – NH Ethylamine Ethanamine CH –CH –CH – NH n -Propylamine Propan- -amine Isopropylamine Propan- -amine Ethylmethylamine N-Methylethanamine Trimethylamine N,N-Dimethylmethanamine N,N -Diethylbutylamine N,N-Diethylbutan- -amine Allylamine Prop- -en- -amine Hexamethylenediamine Hexane- , -diamine Aniline Aniline or Benzenamine o -Toluidine -Methylaniline p -Bromoaniline -Bromobenzenamine or -Bromoaniline N,N -Dimethylaniline N,N-Dimethylbenzenamine Table .
: Nomenclature of Some Alkylamines and Arylamines Amines are prepared by the following methods: . Reduction of nitro compounds Nitro compounds are reduced to amines by passing hydrogen gas in the presence of finely divided nickel, palladium or platinum and also by reduction with metals in acidic medium. Nitroalkanes can also be similarly reduced to the corresponding alkanamines. Reduction with iron scrap and hydrochloric acid is preferred because FeCl formed gets hydrolysed to release hydrochloric acid during the reaction.
Thus, only a small amount of hydrochloric acid is required to initiate the reaction. . Ammonolysis of alkyl halides You have read (Unit , Class XII) that the carbon - halogen bond in alkyl or benzyl halides can be easily cleaved by a nucleophile. Hence, an alkyl or benzyl halide on reaction with an ethanolic solution of ammonia undergoes nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the halogen atom is replaced by an amino (–NH ) group.
This process of cleavage of the C–X bond by ammonia molecule is known as ammonolysis . The reaction is carried out in a sealed tube at K. The primary amine thus obtained behaves as a nucleophile and can further react with alkyl halide to form secondary and tertiary amines, and finally quaternary ammonium salt.