the League to become the sole representative body of Indian Muslims. Within three years of its formation, the AIML successfully achieved the status of separate electorates for the Muslims. It granted separate constitutional identity to the Muslims. The Lucknow Pact ( ) put an official seal on a separate political identity to Muslims.
Separate Electorate or Communal Electorate: Under this arrangement only Muslims could vote for the Muslim candidates. Minto-Morely Reforms, provided for eight seats to Muslims in the Imperial Legislative Council, out of the non- officials to be elected. In the Legislative Council of the provinces seats reserved for the Muslim candidates were: Madras ; Bombay ; Bengal . Separate Electorates and the Spread of Communalism The institution of separate electorate was the principle technique adopted by the Government of British India for fostering and spreading communalism.
That the British did this with ulterior motive was evident from a note sent by one Religion in Nationalist Politics frustration. In the aftermath of Non-Co-operation movement, alliance between Khilafatists and the Congress crumbled. There was a fresh spate of communal violence, as Hindus and Muslims, in the context of self- governing institutions created under the Act of , began to stake their political claims and in the process vied with each other to acquire power and position. Of delegates attending the sixth annual conference of the Hindu Mahasabha in Varanasi in August , .
% came from the U.P. The United Provinces (UP), the Punjab, Delhi and Bihar together contributed . % of the delegates. Madras, Bombay and Bengal combined sent only .
% of the delegates. 1920s was a trying period for the Congress. This time the communal tension in the United Province was not only due to the zeal of Hindu and Muslim religious leaders, but was fuelled by the political rivalries of the Swarajists and Liberals. M.M.
Malaviya Motilal Nehru In Allahabad, Motilal Nehru and Madan Mohan Malaviya confronted each other. When Nehru’s faction emerged victorious in the municipal elections of , Malaviya’s faction began to