P ractical 1

P ractical Theme: Care and maintenance of fabric products: Stain Removal Task: To remove different types of stains like ball pen, blood, coffee, tea, lipstick, curry, grease, ink. Purpose : A stain is an unwanted mark or colouration on a fabric caused by contact and absorption of foreign matter which needs special treatment before the actual washing process. Conduct of the Practical : In order to use the right procedure for removing the stain, it is important to identify the stain. “Refer to the Chapter in Class XI textbook for HEFS Care and Maintenance of Fabrics”. Procedure : Take two samples of each stain on white cotton cloth of ”X4”. Treat one while keep the other as controlled sample. Remove the stain by referring to the table given: Stain Condi- tion Cotton and Linen Silk and Wool Synthetics . Blood Soak in cold water. Then wash in dilute ammonia. Sponge with cold water. Wash in cold water. Steep in cold water and salt until stain is removed ( oz to pints). . Same as for . Apply starch paste. Leave it to dry and brush it. - . Ball pen ink . Steep in methylated spirit. . Wash with soap and water. Same as cotton Same as . Curry stain . Wash with soap and water. . Bleach in sunlight and air. Same as cotton Same as . Same as for fresh. . Bleach with javelle water. Treat with potassium permanganate and ammonia. Dip the stained portion alternately in the above solutions. Bleach with sodium perborate. . Grease Wash with hot water and soap . If washable, same as cotton. . For unwashable, spread French chalk on the stain. Brush off the powder after an hour. Same as silk and wool . Treat with grease solvent (Petrol, methylated spirit). . Wash with hot water and soap. Same as cotton Same as . Ink . Rub the stain with a cut tomato and salt wash. . Soak the stain immediately in sour milk or curd for half an hour. Wash. . Apply salt and lime juice and leave it for half an hour. Wash. Treat with sour milk or curd as for cotton. Same as silk and wool . Try above no. and with prolonged treatment. . Steep in dilute oxalic acid. . Rinse thoroughly with dilute borax solution. . Same as . Rinse in dilute ammonia solution. Same as silk and wool . Lipstick Steep in methylated spirit and wash with soap and water. Same as cotton Same as Moisten and soften by working glycerine into a stain. Leave for a short while. Rinse and then wash with soap and water. Same as cotton Steep in kerosene or turpentine. Wash with soap and warm water. . Tea and coffee Pour boiling water through. . Steep in warm water. . Steep in dilute Borax solution ( / tsp to cups of water) Steep in warm sodium perborate solution ( tsp-1pint) . Spread Borax over and pour boiling water through. . Steep in glycerine until stain is removed. . Steep in Borax Solution . Treat with dilute hydrogen peroxide. Note After conducting the practical stick the control and treated samples in your file.