Cysne stone · Part 2

and administration of large quantity of fluids. Stones less than mm in diameter may pass in the urine spontaneously and need no specific treatment. Cystine stones may be dissolved by a daily water intake of ml. Ensure that the fluid intake is litres minimum and the ideal intake is - itres per day. Uric acid stones may be dissolved over a period of six months by liberal fluid intake and oral alkalies to maintain urinary pH between . and . Lithotripsy is a procedure that uses shock waves to break a kidney stone into smaller pieces that can be more easily expelled from Unit Diet in kidney diseases Final - - DIET IN KIDNEY DISEASES the body. The device used for this procedure is called a Lithotripter. Kidney stones can also be removed surgically. A percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a procedure in which a kidney stone is removed via a small incision in the skin. A kidney stone may also be removed with a ureteroscope, an instrument that is advanced up through the urethra and bladder to the ureter. . . .Dietary management Fluids: Stone formation is a gradual process, and the tendency in a susceptible person persists throughout life. Vigilance with adequate fluid intake and diet is needed indefinitely. The fundamental principle in the treatment of kidney stones is to supply adequate fluids like water, coconut water, barley water, fruit juices and weak tea in order to ensure the passage of over 2000ml of urine per day. A heavy manual worker in a hot humid climate should drink more fluids than a sedentary office worker in a cooler climate to compensate for fluid loss through perspiration. The simplest guide is to drink enough fluids to see that the urine is very light in colour. Dilute urine avoids concentration of solids and also tends to make the urine neutral, thus preventing the acid or alkaline reaction which predisposes to precipitation of crystals. Foods: Although the role of diet in the formation of urinary stones is not well established, it is advisable to restrict foods that are