vomiting and diarrhoea (Sodium, Potassium, Zinc, Magnesium and Phosphorus are lost) Infection can be related to state of physiological stress. Increases catabolism in body (glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, protein breakdown, fat breakdown) Absorption of nutrients also decreases if there are intestinal infections Excessive sweat and urination is seen in severe infection or fever. There is increased loss of body fluids and electrolytes. FEAR NOT THE FEVER TREAT THE UNDERLYING CAUSE UNIT - DIET IN - - Diet in Fever Prevention • Good ventilation of the buildings • Avoidance of crowded places • Encouraging the patients to cover their faces with handkerchiefs while sneezing or coughing • Staying at home at the first sign of influenza • Immunization with influenza vaccines.
Release of Influenza virus Influenza A & B viruses have two antigens - the Haemagglutinin (H) and the Neuraminidase (N) antigens. The H antigen initiates the infection and attaches the virus to cells. The N antigen is responsible for the release of the virus from the infected cell. B) Typhoid Typhoid fever is an enteric fever.
It is caused by bacteria Salmonella typhi. It is characterized by headache, myalgia, drowsiness, aching in the limb, bradycardia, cholecystitis and gastrointestinal symptoms like abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation and diarrhea. It is called as enteric fever because the infection is found in the Payer’s patches of the intestines. The bacteria attach to the intestinal wall, penetrate and multiply in the lymph nodes.
It eventually reaches the blood causing secondary infection. This causes increase in body temperature. The mode of spread of this infection is through fecal – oral route. The source of infection is the drinking water, milk and food contaminated by feces and urine of the infected person or carriers.
Prevention • Purification of drinking water • Promotion of food hygiene and personal hygiene • Health education for hygiene and sanitation • Immunization. Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi live in the gallbladder of the carrier for months to years Prevention is better than cure! Make a colourful pamphlet on the topic “Tips to prevent typhoid fever” Activity : Table . .