is one year old. The normal birth length of to cm increases by another to cm during the first year. With increase in length the body proportions also change. At birth the child has % water to % fat.
By the end of the one year the water content decreases to % and fat increases to %. Muscles would be comparatively well developed at the end of the year. Infant have rapid heart rate, - per minute. But the haemoglobin level of well- nourished infant is - g per ml.
This provides a reserve for expansion of the blood circulation and adequate oxygen carrying capacity to the growing tissue during the first - months. The full term infant is able to digest protein, emulsified fats and simple carbohydrates such as lactose. Salivary secretion and gastric acidity are low in infants under months. Kidney reach their full functional capacity by the end of 1st year.
During the first few months the glomerular filtration rate is somewhat lower and therefore the excretion of high concentration of solutes is more difficult. The increase in the number of brain cells is most rapid during foetal life and in the first five to six months after birth. . .
Nutritional requirements a) Energy Study reveal that basal and total energy requirement for infants are higher than adults per unit body weight. Infants require Kcal / kg body weight. For one month old infant, % energy intake is used for basal energy, % for activity and % for growth. Extremely active children may require up to % energy for activity.
% of calories can be met by milk alone and rest of the calories have to be supplied by supplementary foods after six months. b) Protein Protein intake of a healthy infants is about . g/ kg body weight. The recommendations for infants are based on the total protein content and amino acid pattern of the average daily intake of human milk.
Human milk provides all the amino