acids more than the required amount needed for proper growth. Histidine, which is a non-essential amino acid for adults, is necessary for growth and maintenance of an infant. Human milk protein is % utilised. If calories and protein requirements are not met, infant suffer from protein energy malnutrition.
UNIT. - - Nutrition in pregnancy, lactation and infancy This is a range of clinical disorder resulting in severe cases to marasmus or kwashiorkor. c) Fats and essential fatty acids Fat intake should be % E depending on the physical activity of the child from age months to years. Linoleic acid is the most important essential fatty acid for an infant.
DHA levels in red blood cells and neural tissues help in improving visual acuity and cognitive performance of infants. Both cow’s milk and mother’s milk satisfy the requirements of EFA. EFA requirement of young children is % E which can be satisfied by 19g per day visible fat. d) Minerals - Calcium and phosphorus Rapid growth requires mg of calcium and mg of phosphorus with a ratio .
Adequate prenatal nutrition supply a store of bone minerals to prevent rickets provide postnatal care furnishers a liberal supply of calcium and phosphorus. Large percentage of calcium from breast milk is retained by the infant. When sufficient calcium is not supplied to the infant, there motor development is delayed. Ca: P ratio of .
: as in cow’s milk is lower compared to : in human milk. i) Iron RDA of iron for an infant is 46µg/kg bodyweight starting from months. At birth, body contains 80mg/ kg. This is about times that of an adult.
During the first four months, blood volume doubles and concentration of iron in haemoglobin falls to about half, that present at birth. ii) Zinc High levels are present in colostrum and it promotes normal growth. Zinc is necessary for normal brain development. e) Vitamins i) Vitamin A The RDA for retinol is 350µg.
Daily intake of Vitamin A by Indian infants through breast milk is about