Ulcers Stomach Oesophageal Ulcer Gastric Ulcer Duodenal Ulcer Fig . : Types of Ulcers Causes of peptic ulcer Over secretion of gastric juices is one of the direct causes of peptic ulcer disease. The other common causes are as follows : a) Heredity: Peptic ulcer is not genetic disorder but patients with a family history of peptic ulcer have higher chances of developing the ulcers. b) Helicobacter pylori infection: Chronic inflammation due to Helicobacter pylori is a major cause for gastric ulcers.
The gastritis can stimulate hyper secretion of gastric juices causing erosion of the lining resulting in ulcers c) Non-steroidal Anti - Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): Excessive use of pain killers can cause ulcers. Prostaglandin protects the mucosal lining of the stomach. NSAIDs block and reduce the production of prostaglandins. d) Excessive alcohol intake: Alcohol consumption increases risk with helicobacter pylori infection.
Alcoholic beverages erode the protective stomach lining and lead to inflammation or bleeding. e) Smoking and tobacco use: Nicotine and tobacco may increase the risk of developing ulcers. f) Gender: Higher incidence of ulcers are seen in males than in females. g) Dietary factors: Eating at irregular intervals, long gaps between each meal, high intake of spices, coffee or caffeine increases the risk of peptic ulcers.
h) Poor sanitation: Unsafe drinking water and Poor sanitation increases the risk of infection with Helicobacter pylori. i) Stress and Anxiety: Emotional disturbances, fear, stress, worry and anxiety increases the chances for ulcers because of hypersecretion and hypermotility of the stomach. Signs and symptoms of peptic ulcer Ulcer may or may not give symptoms. A gastric ulcer may give epigastric pain during the meal.
Duodenal ulcer pain may manifest after - hours of the meal. The symptoms also vary with the age of the patients. UNIT- IN GASTRO INTESTINAL AND LIVER - - DIET IN GASTRO INTESTINAL AND LIVER DISORDERS Zollinger Ellison Syndrome It is a type of cancer which releases gastrin hormone that causes excess acid production leading to peptic ulcer. Goals for dietary and lifestyle management • To restore good nutritional status • To reduce the signs and symptoms of ulcer • To neutralize acids • To decrease the acid secretion • To preserve the epithelial lining of the GI tract to the destructive action of gastric juices Dietary principle Adequate calorie, high protein, adequate fat, adequate carbohydrates, low fibre, adequate fluid and bland diet is prescribed for the patients.
Vitamins and Minerals are given as per the prescribed daily requirement of the individual. Diet therapy for Peptic Ulcer It is important to provide rest to the affected area and support tissue healing. The key to the management of peptic ulcer is the judicious choice of drug therapy and dietary modifications. Good nutritional status and good dietary regime can help in reducing the impact of the disease on the overall wellbeing of the patient.
Energy Adequate energy should be taken to maintain the ideal body weight of the patient and to prevent weight loss and spare the proteins for healing the ulcer. Protein High protein intake ensures synthesis of new tissues essential for healing. Milk protein is valued for its buffering action. The buffering action is effective only for - minutes H.pylori Gastric acid Pepsin NSAID Mucosa Muscularis externa Necro c cells Blood vessel Pathogenesis