India Act, The Government of India Act was one of the important positive outcomes of the Civil Disobedience Movement. The key features of the Act were provincial autonomy and dyarchy at the centre. The Act provided for an all India Federation with provinces, Chief commissioner’s provinces and all those Princely states which wished to join the federation. The Act also provided autonomy to the provinces.
All the subjects were transferred to the control of Indian ministers. Dyarchy that was in operation in provinces was now extended to the central government. The franchise, based on property was extended though only about ten percent of the population enjoyed the right to vote. By this Act Burma was separated from India.
(a) Congress Ministries and their Work The Government of India Act was implemented with the announcement of elections in . The Congress immensely benefited because of the Civil Disobedience Movement. The Congress called off its programme of boycott of legislature and contested elections. It emerged victorious in the lathi charge that led to Lala Lajpat Rai’s death was assassinated.
Bhagat Singh along with B.K. Dutt threw a smoke bomb inside the Central Legislative Assembly in . They shouted ‘Inquilab Zindabad’ and ‘Long Live the Proletariat’. He along with Rajguru was arrested and sentenced to death.
Bhagat Singh’s daring and courage fired the imagination of the youth across India, and he became popular across India. In April , the Chittagong Armoury Raid was carried out by Surya Sen and his associates. They captured the armouries in Chittagong and proclaimed a provisional revolutionary government. They survived for three years raiding government institutions.
In , Surya Sen was caught and hanged after a year. (c) Left Movement in the 1930s By the 1930s the Communist Party of India had gained strength in view of the economic crisis caused by world-wide Great Depression. Britain transmitted the effects of Depression to its colonies. The effects of Depression were reflected in decline in trade returns and fall in agricultural prices.
The governmental measures included forcible collection of land revenue which in real terms had increased two-fold due to a % fall in agricultural prices, the withdrawal of money in circulation, retrenchment of staff and expenditure on developmental works. Jayaprakash Narayan Acharya Narendra Dev Minoo Masani In this context, the Communist Party, fighting for the cause of peasants and industrial Surya Sen Nationalism: Gandhian Phase