A + B + ATP A – B + ADP + Pi DNA ligase enzyme. Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) contains riboflavin (vit B2), the function of which is to accept hydrogen. ‘Haem’ is an iron-containing prosthetic group with an iron atom at its centre. • Coenzymes are organic compounds which act as cofactors but do not remain attached to the enzyme.
The essential chemical components of many coenzymes are vitamins. Eg. NAD, NADP, Coenzyme A, ATP Ribozyme - Non Protein Enzyme - A Ribozyme, also called as catalytic RNA; is a ribonucleic acid that acts as enzyme. It is found in ribosomes - - .
. PM nucleotide . The nitrogen base is a heterocyclic compound that can be either a purine (two rings) or a pyrimidine (one ring). There are types of purines – adenine (A) and guanine (G) and types of pyrimidines – cytosine (C), thymine (T) and uracil (U) (Figure .
and ) . A characteristic feature that differentiates DNA from RNA is that DNA contains nitrogen bases such as Adenine, guanine, thymine ( -methyl uracil) and cytosine and the RNA contains nitrogen bases such as adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil instead of thymine. The nitrogen base is covalently bonded to the sugar ribose in RNA and to deoxyribose (ribose with one oxygen removed from C ) in DNA. Phosphate group is a derivative of (PO - ) phosphoric acid, and forms phosphodiester linkages with sugar molecule (Figure .
). Figure . : Position of DNA in the cell . .
Uses of Enzymes Enzyme Source Application Bacterial protease Bacillus Biological detergents Bacterial glucose isomerase Bacillus Fructose syrup manufacture Fungal lactase Kluyvero- myces Breaking down of lactose to glucose and galactose Amylases Aspergillus Removal of starch in woven cloth production . Nucleic Acids As we know DNA and RNA are the two kinds of nucleic acids. These were originally isolated from cell nucleus. They are present in all known cells and viruses with special coded genetic programme with detailed and specific instructions for each organism heredity.
DNA and RNA are polymers of monomers called nucleotides ,