Common human diseases

Common human diseases Bacterial diseases • Dysentery • Plague • Diphtheria • Cholera • Typhoid • Pneumonia Viral diseases • Common cold • Mumps • Measles • Viral hepatitis • Dengue fever • Chikungunya • Chicken pox • Poliomyelitis Fungal diseases • Candidiasis • Athlete’s foot Protozoan diseases • Malaria • Amoebiasis • African sleeping sickness • Kala-azar Helminthic diseases • Ascariasis • Filariasis Bacterial resistance If an antibiotic is used too often to fight a specific bacterial infection, the bacteria may become resistant to the specific antibiotic. Hence the specific antibiotic can no longer be used to treat the bacterial infection. Some bacteria have developed resistance to many antibiotics. Therefore, infections caused by these bacteria are difficult to be cured. Risk of bacterial resistance can be reduced by observing the following steps • Avoid using antibiotics to treat minor infections that can be taken care by our immune system. • Do not use an antibiotic to treat viral infections such as common cold or flu. • Always follow the prescription. Skipping doses or failing to complete the prescription may allow antibiotic resistance to develop. living cells. Outside the living cells they cannot carry out the characteristics of a living organism. Viruses invade living cells, forcing the cells to create new viruses. The new viruses break out of the cell, killing it and invade other cells in the body, causing XII Std Zoology Chapter XII Std Zoology Chapter Human Health and Diseases S. No Diseases Causative agent Site of infection Mode of transmission Symptoms Shigellosis (Bacillary dysentery) Shigella sp. Intestine Food and water contaminated by faeces / faecal oral route Abdominal pain, dehydration, blood and mucus in the stools Bubonic plague ( Black death) Yersinia pestis Lymph nodes Rat flea vector- Xenopsylla cheopis Fever, headache, and swollen lymph nodes Diphtheria Corynebacterium diphtheriae Larynx, skin, nasal and genital passage Droplet infection Fever, sore throat, hoarseness and difficulty in breathing Cholera Vibrio cholerae Intestine Contaminated food and water/ faecal oral route Severe diarrhoea and dehydration Tetanus