Common human diseases · Part 2

( Lock jaw) Clostridium tetani Spasm of muscles Through wound infection Rigidity of jaw muscle, increased heart beat rate and spasm of the muscles of the jaw and face Typhoid ( Enteric fever) Salmonella typhi Intestine Through contaminated food and water Headache, abdominal discomfort, fever and diarrhoea Pneumonia Streptococcus pneumoniae Lungs Droplet infection Fever, cough, painful breathing and brown sputum Tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lungs Droplet infection Thick mucopurulant nasal discharge Table . . Bacterial diseases in human beings diseases in human beings. Rhino viruses cause one of the most infectious human ailment called the “ Common cold ”. Viral diseases are generally grouped into four types on the basis of the symptoms produced in the body organs. Common cold is caused by more than different strains of Rhino viruses. More over their RNA genome keeps changing due to mutation. Hence it is very difficult to prepare a common vaccine for the disease. XII Std Zoology Chapter XII Std Zoology Chapter Human Health and Diseases S. No Diseases Causative agent Site of infection Mode of transmission Symptoms Common cold Rhino viruses Respiratory tract Droplet infection Nasal congestion and discharge, sore throat, cough and headache Mumps Mumps virus (RNA virus), Paramyxo virus Salivary glands Saliva and droplet infection Enlargement of the parotid glands Measles Rubeola virus (RNA virus), Paramyxo virus Skin and respiratory tract Droplet infection Sore throat, running nose, cough and fever, reddish rashes on the skin, neck and ears Viral hepatitis Hepatitis - B virus Liver Parenteral route, blood transfusion Liver damage, jaundice, nausea, yellowish eyes, fever and pain in the abdomen Chicken pox Varicella -Zoster virus (DNA Virus ) Respiratory tract, skin and nervous system Droplet infection and direct contact Mild fever with itchy skin, rash and blisters Poliomyelitis Polio virus (RNA virus) Intestine, brain, spinal cord Droplet infection through faecal oral route Fever, muscular stiffness and weakness, paralysis and respiratory failure Dengue fever (Break bone fever) Dengue virus or Flavi virus (DENV - virus) Skin and blood