ZOOLOGY · 12th TN - English Medium
15 chapters · 488 topics
Chapter 1: Chapter
Chapter 2: CHAPTER
- Learning Objectives
- . Human reproductive system
- . Human reproductive system · Part
- . Human reproductive system · Part
- . Human reproductive system · Part
- . Human reproductive system · Part
- Spermatogenesis
- Structure of human spermatozoan
- Structure of human spermatozoan · Part
- Structure of ovum
- Oogenesis
- . Menstrual cycle
- . Follicular or proliferative phase
- . Menstrual disorders
- Menstrual hygiene
- Menstrual hygiene · Part
- Menstrual hygiene · Part
- and embryonic development
- . Parturition and lactation
- . Parturition and lactation · Part
- FOETAL DEVELOPMENT
- Summary
- INTERESTING FACTS
- Inventor And Social Entrepreneur
- Evaluation
- Evaluation · Part
- HUMAN REPRODUCTION
- . Colour blindness
- . Seeking help from parents and peers
- Life style modifications
- depression
- human beings
- Summary
- Activities
- INTERESTING FACTS
- Evaluation
Chapter 3: Chapter 3
- . Ovulatory phase
- CHAPTER
- Learning objectives
- Problems and strategies
- statutory ban
- infanticide
- birth control
- Birth control methods
- Birth control methods · Part
- Pregnancy (MTP)
- Prevention of STDs
- Diseases (STD)
- Cervical cancer
- . . Infertility
- Other causes of infertility
- Technology (ART)
- Artificial insemination (AI)
- Test tube baby
- Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
- Male infertility
- Ultrasound scanning
- Amniocentesis
- Foetoscope
- Summary
- Summary · Part
- Evaluation
- Evaluation · Part
- . GIR NATIONAL PARK AND WILDLIFE SANCTUARY
Chapter 4: Chapter 4
- . Luteal or secretory phase
- Learning objectives
- . Multiple alleles
- Variation
- . . ABO blood types
- Rhesus or Rh Factor
- Fisher and Race hypothesis
- Wiener Hypothesis
- Erythroblastosis foetalis
- Prevention of Erythroblastosis foetalis
- . Sex Determination
- Heterogametic Females
- Sex determination in human beings
- Development
- . . Genic balance in Drosophila
- Barr body
- Haplodiploidy in Honeybees
- . Sex Linked Inheritance
- . . Inheritance of Y- linked genes
- Preparation of Karyotype
- Applications of Karyotyping
- Genetic Disorders
- Thalassemia
- Phenylketonuria
- Albinism
- . Chromosomal Abnormalities
- beings
- beings
- Cytoplasmic inheritance
- Summary
- Eugenics
- Evaluation
- Evaluation · Part
- Evaluation · Part
Chapter 5: CHAPTER
- CHAPTER
- Learning Objectives
- of inheritance
- . In search of the genetic material
- . In search of the genetic material · Part
- . DNA is the genetic material
- on T bacteriophage
- Nitrogenous bases
- The phosphate functional group
- Nucleoside and nucleotide
- . Chemistry of Nucleic Acids
- Pentose sugar
- . Properties of genetic material
- . RNA world
- . Packaging of DNA helix
- . Packaging of DNA helix · Part
- . DNA Replication
- . DNA Replication · Part
- DNA replication
- of replication
- . . Transcription unit and gene
- . Transcription
- . . Process of transcription
- . . Process of transcription · Part
- . . Process of transcription · Part
- . . Process of transcription · Part
- . Genetic Code
- . Genetic Code · Part
- . . Mutation and genetic code
- . . Mutation and genetic code · Part
- . . Mutation and genetic code · Part
- . . tRNA – the adapter molecule
- . Translation
- . . Mechanism of Translation
- . . Mechanism of Translation · Part
- . . Mechanism of Translation · Part
- . . Mechanism of Translation · Part
- . Regulation of gene expression
- Project (HGP)
- Human Genome Project
- Genome Project:
- . DNA fingerprinting technique
- future challenges
- future challenges · Part
- Application of DNA finger printing
- Evaluation
- Summary
- Summary · Part
- Summary · Part
- Summary · Part
- MOLECULAR GENETICS
- SIGNIFICANCE The protected area is home to several endangered and vulnerable species
- PROCEDURE
- PROCEDURE
- COMMENTS
- COMMENTS
- COMMENTS
- COMMENTS
- COMMENTS
- COMMENTS
- COMMENTS
- COMMENTS
- COMMENTS
- COMMENTS
- COMMENTS
- COMMENTS
- COMMENTS
- COMMENTS
- COMMENTS
- COMMENTS
- COMMENTS
- DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
- COMMENTS
- DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
- DISCUSSION QUESTIONS · Part
- V. ECOLOGY
- Art and Design Team
- Art and Design Team · Part
Chapter 6: CHAPTER
- Learning Objectives
- life forms
- . Geological time scale
- . Geological time scale · Part
- of life
- Formation of protobionts
- . . Paleontological evidences
- Analogous structures
- Homologous structures
- . . Embryological evidences
- Vestigial organs
- Molecular evidences
- . . Lamarck’s theory
- The main objection to Lamarckism
- Neo-Lamarckism
- Selection
- Objections to Darwinism
- Neo Darwinism
- . . Mutation theory
- . . Modern synthetic theory
- Natural Selection (Industrial melanism)
- . . Adaptive Radiation
- Darwin’s finches
- . . Natural selection
- Selection
- Wright Effect
- . . Gene flow
- Hardy Weinberg’s assumptions include
- . Hardy - Weinberg Principle
- . Origin and Evolution of Man
- . Origin and Evolution of Man · Part
- Post-zygotic Mechanism
- . Isolating Mechanism
- Pre-zygotic Mechanism
- Geographical speciation
- Extinction
- . Speciation
- Reproductive isolation
- Summary
- Evaluation
- Evaluation · Part
- human beings
Chapter 7: CHAPTER
- Learning Objectives
- Bacterial diseases
- Common human diseases
- Common human diseases · Part
- Common human diseases · Part
- . . Protozoan diseases
- Life cycle of Plasmodium
- Prevention
- . . Helminthic diseases
- . . Fungal diseases
- public hygiene
- alcohol abuse
- alcohol abuse · Part
- . . Effects of drugs and alcohol
- . . Addiction and dependence
- . Mental health – Depression
Chapter 8: Chapter
- . Basic concepts of immunology
- Learning objectives
- . Innate immunity
- Components of acquired immunity
- Types of acquired immunity
- Primary immune response
- . Lymphoid organs
- Secondary immune response
- Primary lymphoid organs
- organs
- Cells of the immune system
- Cells of the immune system · Part
- . Antigens
- Types of antigens
- . Antibodies
- Fig. . Structure of immunoglobulin
- reactions
- interaction
- reaction
- . Vaccines
- immunization
- . Hypersensitivity
- Structure of HIV
- HIV Transmission
- . Immunodeficiency diseases
- . Autoimmune diseases
- . Tumour immunology
- Immunotherapy of cancer
- Scope of Immunology
- Evaluation
- Summary
- Summary · Part
- IMMUNOLOGY
- ICT CORNER
- products
Chapter 9: CHAPTER
Chapter 10: Chapter 10
- Learning objectives
- . . Recombinant Human Insulin
- Fig. . Human Insulin Production
- . . Human alpha lactalbumin
- . . Interferons
- . . Recombinant Vaccines
- Fig. . Production of recombinant HB Vaccine
- . Gene Therapy
- . Gene Therapy · Part
- . Stem Cell Therapy
- Fig. . Process of gene therapy
- Fig. . Embryonic stem cells
- . Molecular Diagnostics
- Sorbent Assay
- Sorbent Assay · Part
- Sorbent Assay · Part
- Fig. . Steps involved in PCR
- . Transgenic Animals
- animals
- . Animal Cloning
- uses
- Fig. . Cloning of dolly
- . Ethical Issues
- . Regulations in Biotechnology
- The possible risks of GMOs
- Agricultural
- Patents
- . Biosafety Guidelines
- Protection (IPP)
- Trade marks
- Summary
- Geographical indication (GI)
- Evaluation
- Evaluation · Part
- Evaluation · Part
- APPLICATIONS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
Chapter 11: CHAPTER
- CHAPTER
- Learning Objectives
- environment
- . Habitat
- Niche (or) Ecological Niche
- Temperature
- Adaptations to temperature
- Water
- Essential properties of water
- Soil
- Properties of Soil
- Wind
- Humidity
- Altitude
- distribution
- Aquatic Biomes
- Terrestrial Biomes
- Tundra Biome
- Taiga Biome
- Grassland Biome
- Alpine Biome
- Tropical forest
- Temperate forest
- Desert Biome
- . Responses To Abiotic Factors
- The types of responses observed are
- a) Structural adaptations
- b) Behavioural adaptations
- Adaptations of terrestrial animals
- . Populations
- c) Physiological adaptations
- Adaptations of aquatic animals
- Mortality
- Migration
- Emigration
- Population density
- Natality
- J-Shaped growth form
- . Population Age Distribution
- . Population Regulation
- . Population Interaction
- . Population Interaction · Part
- . Population Interaction · Part
- . Population Interaction · Part
- Evaluation:
- Summary
Chapter 12: Chapter
- . Biodiversity
- Learning objectives
- . . Concept of biodiversity
- . . Levels of biodiversity
- . . Magnitude of biodiversity
- distribution
- Latitudinal and altitudinal gradients:
- Species - Area relationships
- Species - Area relationships · Part
- Global and India
- India
- . Threats to biodiversity
- . Causes of biodiversity loss
- Habitat Loss
- Habitat fragmentation
- Over exploitation:
- Exotic species invasion:
- Coextinctions
- Intensive agriculture
- . . Loss of Biodiversity
- (Slash-and-burn agriculture)
- . . Hotspots
- . . Endangered organisms
- . . Extinction
- . IUCN
- Red Data Book
- conservation
- . . In-situ Conservation
- Wild Life Sanctuaries (WLS)
- Protected Areas
- National Parks (NP)
- Biosphere Reserve (BR)
- Biosphere Reserve (BR) · Part
- . . Role of WWF and CITES
- Offsite Collections
- Gene Banks
- CITES
- Habitats
- . Bio Diversity Act (BDA)
- Summary
- Evaluation
- BIO DIVERSITY AND ITS CONSERVATION
- Learning Objectives
Chapter 13: Chapter
- . Air Pollution
- . . Classification of Pollutants
- . . Effects of Air Pollution
- . . Control of Air Pollution
- . . Legal Protection
- Pollution
- . . Quality of Water
- . . Water Pollution
- . . Sources of Water Pollution
- Ecosystems
- Organisms
- . . Control Measures
- Prevention
- . . Effect of Noise Pollution
- . . Control
- . . Legal Protection
- . . Sources of Noise Pollution
- . Biomagnification
- . Agrochemicals
- Management
- Biomagnification of DDT
- . Eutrophication
- . Eutrophication · Part
- Implementation
- . Solid Waste Management
- . Solid Waste Management · Part
- . . Radioactive waste
- wastes are
- Control and Management
- . . Medical waste
- Remedies
- . Ecosan Toilets
- . . E-Waste
- Evaluation
- Summary
- MCQs for Higher Studies
- MCQs for Higher Studies · Part
- MCQs for Higher Studies · Part
- MCQs for Higher Studies · Part
- MCQs for Higher Studies · Part
- MCQs for Higher Studies · Part
- MCQs for Higher Studies · Part
- MCQs for Higher Studies · Part
- MCQs for Higher Studies · Part
- MCQs for Higher Studies · Part
- MCQs for Higher Studies · Part
- MCQs for Higher Studies · Part
- MCQs for Higher Studies · Part
- MCQs for Higher Studies · Part
- MCQs for Higher Studies · Part
- MCQs for Higher Studies · Part
- General Instruction
- ZOOLOGY PRACTICALS
- PROCEDURE
- PRINCIPLE
- PROCEDURE
- PRECAUTIONS