Prevention

Prevention It is possible to break the transmission cycle by killing the insect vector. Mosquitoes lay their eggs in water. Larvae hatch and develop in water but breathe air by moving to the surface. Oil can be sprayed over the water surface, to make it impossible for mosquito larvae and pupae to breathe. Ponds, drainage ditches and other permanent bodies of water can be stocked The early symptoms of malaria are headache, nausea and muscular pain. The classic symptoms first develop with the synchronized release of merozoites, haemozoin toxin and erythrocyte debris into the blood stream resulting in malarial paroxysms – shivering chills, high fever followed by sweating. Fever and chills are caused partly by malarial toxins that induce macrophages to release tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin. Sl. No. Types of Malaria Causative agent Duration of Erythrocytic cycle Tertian, benign tertian or vivax malaria P. vivax hours Quartan malaria P. malariae hours Mild tertian malaria P. ovale hours Malignant tertian or quotidian malaria P. falciparum – hours Table . Types of malaria ,QPRVTXLWRJXW ,QKXPDQ 6SRUR]RLWHV 6SRUR]RLWHV 6DOLYDU\ JODQGV /LYHU 2RF\VW 0HUR]RLWHV 6FKL]RQW IRUPV ' $UHSOLFDWLRQIROORZHG E\VSRURJRQ\ 0HUR]RLWHV UXSWXUHIURP %& %&V 2RNLQHWH 0LGWURSKR]RLWH SKDVHEHJLQV ' $UHSOLFDWLRQDQG0HLRVLV 1XFOHXV =\JRWH +HPR]RLQ (DUO\WURSKR]RLWH IRUPV 6LJQHWULQJ IRUPV 0DFURJDPHWH 0LFURJDPHWH *DPHWRF\WHV3ODVPRGLXP ([IODJHOODWLRQ 0LFURJDPHWRF\WH 0DFURJDPHWRF\WH Fig. . Life cycle of Plasmodium XII Std Zoology Chapter XII Std Zoology Chapter Human Health and Diseases the toes. Ringworms of the feet is known as Athlete’s foot caused by Tinea pedis (Fig. . ) . Ringworms are generally acquired from soil or by using clothes, towels and comb used by infected persons. Fig. . Symptoms of ringworm Fig. . Symptoms of Athlete’s foot